Modern Pumping Today Article: The Importance of Proof of Design: Part 1 of 2

The informative article below describes typical sewage pump station force main problems that can arise after startup.  The first paragraph of the article, as shown below, summarizes the article which can be accessed from here:

The Importance of Proof of Design

You may have heard the term, “wastewater flows downhill.” In this article, we will refer to this as gravity flow. In many cases, municipal wastewater systems have to pump the fluid uphill first. This presents many issues with regard to minimum flow velocities and pressure surge issues. This article describes the typical sewage pump station force main problems that can arise after startup.

Frank Knowles Smith, III. “The Importance of Proof of Design – Modern Pumping Today®.” Modern Pumping Today. 09 Sept. 2015. Web. 25 Apr. 2016.