Chapter 0 – Steady-State Hydraulics
Surge Analysis and the Wave Plan Method
Supplementary Material: Example Problems and Solutions
Chapter 0 – Problem 0.9
0.9 What are the hydraulic grades and energy grades at points A and B in the pipeline described in the previous question 0.8? Also, compute the difference between the hydraulic grades at points A and B, as well as the difference between the energy grades at points A and B.
Solution:
The hydraulic grade at point A is the sum of the pressure head (pA/γ) and the elevation head (ZA):
GA = pA/γ + ZA = 250.968 m.
The hydraulic grade at point B is GB = pB/γ + ZB = 220.775 m.
The grade is the sum of the pressure head, velocity head, and elevation head. Alternately, it can be derived as the sum of the hydraulic grade and the velocity head:
EA = pA/γ + VA2/(2g) + ZA = GA + VA2/(2g) = 251.083 m
EB = pB/γ + VB2/(2g) + ZB = GB + VB2/(2g) = 220.979 m
The difference in hydraulic grades between points A and B = GA – GB = 30.193 m.
The difference in energy grades between points A and B = EA – EB = 30.104 m (which is the same as the frictional headloss between points A and B as shown in the previous question).
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