APPENDIX E – Air-Water Interface
Surge Analysis and the Wave Plan Method
Supplementary Material: Example Problems and Solutions
Appendix E – Problem 2
E.2 What is the velocity required in a 3000 mm diameter pipeline with a downward slope of 20° to prevent any small air bubbles from moving in the direction opposite the flow direction?
Solution:
Use Eq. E.2 to compute Vm with a = 0.2148, b = 0.3716, D = 3, and θ = 20°.
Vm = 3.55 m/s. For most pipelines that operate continuously, the maximum permissible velocity is 2.5 m/s and therefore the small air bubbles would move to the nearest upstream peak point instead of moving in the direction of flow.
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